For Java developers, Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is the only standard
interface to Database Management Systems (DBMSs). As JDBC has evolved, the
number of ways to connect have increased. JDBC 2 added capabilities for
compatibility with J2EE. JDBC 3 generalized the structure to support
Enterprise Information Systems (EISs) other than DBMSs, including messaging
services.
JDBC 3 introduced J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA). The initial release of
JCA (1.0) standardized interfaces to DBMSs for Application Servers. With JCA,
Application Servers can access a variety of DBMSs without DBMS-specific
coding. JCA also provides local and distributed transaction control, generic
deployment capabilities and access outside of DBMSs to general EISs.
Sun released the final spec on JCA 1.5 in Nov., '03. While adoption of 1.5
has been slow, it does round out JCA to a complete fa... (more)